Prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout en trabajadores de la salud en el primer nivel de atención / Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in health care workers at the first level of care / Prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em trabalhadores do setor de saúde no primeiro nível de atendimento

Introduction: Burnout syndrome, also known as professional burnout syndrome, when it manifests itself has the capacity to affect the quality of life, mental health and even put the life of the person who presents it at risk. The aim of this research was to explore the prevalence and factors associated with Burnout Syndrome in health care workers at the first level of care. Material and methods: a cross-sectional observational study was carried out. A total of 213 health workers who worked at the first level of care centers of the Military Health Service participated in the study. The data collection instrument was sent by WhatsApp, self-administered, a part oriented to sociodemographic aspects and the Maslach Burnout Inventory focused on the three dimensions of Burnout. The data were analyzed in Excel and Epi-info7.0. Results: when evaluating the Maslach Scale factors, it was observed that 38% presented High Emotional Fatigue, 22% Low Personal Accomplishment and 18% High Depersonalization. Thirteen participants presented the three risk dimensions, which corresponds to a prevalence of Burnout Syndrome of 6% in this population. Conclusions: It was necessary to install a dialogue in relation to the impact generated and its degree of affectation in the subjects. It is necessary to reflect on tools that promote positive aspects of occupational health and adequate occupational hygiene. Likewise, it is necessary to strengthen preventive programs, thus providing workers with a follow-up in order to improve occupational health.

Introducción: el síndrome de Burnout también conocido como síndrome de desgaste profesional, cuando se manifiesta tiene la capacidad de afectar la calidad de vida, la salud mental e incluso poner en riesgo la vida de la persona que lo presenta. El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar la prevalencia y factores asociados al Síndrome de Burnout en trabajadores de la salud en el primer nivel de atención. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal. Participaron 213 trabajadores de la salud que se desempeñaron en los Centros de primer nivel de atención de Sanidad Militar. El instrumento de recolección de datos se envió por WhatsApp, autoadministrado, un parte orientado a los aspectos sociodemográficos y el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach enfocado a recabar sobre las tres dimensiones del Burnout. Los datos se analizaron en Excel y Epi-info7.0. Resultados: al evaluar los factores de Escala de Maslach se observó que un 38% presentó Cansancio Emocional Alto, un 22% Realización Personal Bajo y un 18% de Despersonalización Alto. Trece participantes presentan las tres dimensiones de riesgo, lo que corresponde a una prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout de 6% en esta población. Conclusiones: resultó menester instalar un diálogo con relación al impacto generado y su grado de afectación en los sujetos. Es necesario reflexionar sobre herramientas que promuevan aspectos positivos en temas de salud laboral y una adecuada higiene ocupacional. Asimismo, fortalecer programas preventivos imprimiendo así, un seguimiento en los trabajadores a los efectos de mejorar la salud laboral.

Introdução: A síndrome de Burnout, também conhecida como síndrome de burnout profissional, quando ela se manifesta tem a capacidade de afetar a qualidade de vida, a saúde mental e até mesmo colocar em risco a vida da pessoa que a apresenta. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi explorar a prevalência e os fatores associados à Síndrome de Burnout nos profissionais de saúde no primeiro nível de atendimento. Material e métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional de corte transversal. Um total de 213 profissionais de saúde que trabalharam no primeiro nível de centros de atendimento do Serviço de Saúde Militar participaram do estudo. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi enviado pela WhatsApp, auto-administrado, uma parte orientada aos aspectos sociodemográficos e o Maslach Burnout Inventory focalizou as três dimensões do Burnout. Os dados foram analisados em Excel e Epi-info7.0. Resultados: Ao avaliar os fatores da Escala Maslach, 38% apresentaram Fadiga Emocional Alta, 22% Baixa de Cumprimento Pessoal e 18% Alta de Despersonalização. Treze participantes apresentaram as três dimensões de risco, o que corresponde a uma prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout de 6% nesta população. Conclusões: Foi necessário estabelecer um diálogo em relação ao impacto gerado e seu grau de afetação sobre os sujeitos. É necessário refletir sobre ferramentas que promovam aspectos positivos de saúde ocupacional e higiene ocupacional adequada. Também é necessário reforçar os programas de prevenção, proporcionando assim aos trabalhadores um acompanhamento a fim de melhorar a saúde ocupacional.

Physical, psychological and demographic factors associated with military discharge: a systematic review

Abstract Aims: The present study is a review focused on analyzing the physical, psychological, and demographic factors that lead recruits to be dismissed or to request their dismissal during basic military training periods. Methods: This study is a systematic review of cohort studies. The following databases were searched in June 2019 and updated in July 2020: Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. The MeSH descriptors military personnel, risk factors, and discharge were used to elaborate the search equations. Reference lists were explored to find studies that examined the association between physical, psychological, and demographic factors that lead recruits to be discharged. The following data were extracted from the studies: profile of the participants, sample size, type of risk factors, the duration of follow-up, and the results of the statistical analysis carried out in the studies included. The risk of bias was analyzed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Results: A total of 531 titles were retrieved from the databases, and eight articles met the eligibility criteria. The results showed the factors associated with discharge, in descending order: musculoskeletal injuries and other medical questions, depressive and behavioural disorders, performance in physical fitness tests, and others. Factors such as educational level, alcohol use, history of suicide attempt, and imprisonments were not associated with an increased risk of being discharged. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal injuries, depression, running performance, previous physical exercise practice, and demographic factors were associated with an increased risk of being discharged.

How do stress, sleep quality, and chronotype associate with clinically significant depressive symptoms? A study of young male military recruits in compulsory service

Objective: Although studies have shown an association between poor sleep and chronotype with psychiatric problems in young adults, few have focused on identifying multiple concomitant risk factors. Methods: We assessed depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), circadian typology (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire [MEQ]), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]), social rhythm (Social Rhythm Metrics [SRM]), and salivary cortisol (morning, evening and night, n=37) in 236 men (all 18 years old). Separate analyses were conducted to understand how each PSQI domain was associated with depressive symptoms. Results: Depressive symptoms were more prevalent in individuals with higher perceived stress (prevalence ratio [PR] = 6.429, p < 0.001), evening types (PR = 2.58, p < 0.001) and poor sleepers (PR = 1.808, p = 0.046). Multivariate modeling showed that these three variables were independently associated with depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). The PSQI items subjective sleep quality and sleep disturbances were significantly more prevalent in individuals with depressive symptoms (PR = 2.210, p = 0.009 and PR = 2.198, p = 0.008). Lower levels of morning cortisol were significantly associated with higher depressive scores (r = -0.335; p = 0.043). Conclusion: It is important to evaluate multiple factors related to sleep and chronotype in youth depression studies, since this can provide important tools for comprehending and managing mental health problems.

The Brazilian Army nurses' uniforms: visual identity in World War II / Uniformes de enfermeras del Ejército Brasileño: identidad visual en la Segunda Guerra Mundial / Uniformes de enfermeiras do Exército Brasileiro: identidade visual na II Guerra Mundial

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the symbolic effects of the official military uniform of the nurses from Brazilian Army in World War II. Method: This research was developed using the historical method, with iconographic sources. The data were discussed based on the concepts of the social world theory, by Pierre Bourdieu. Results: The images selected demonstrate the own meaning of the uniforms, evidencing the functions and the social position of those who wear it, being private and obligatory to use it in the military field. Final considerations: In the case of the nurses from the Brazilian Expeditionary Force, the appropriation of uniforms promoted the visual communication representing military nurse in the context of war, at the same time it served for distinction purposes in the army, but not necessarily in the nursing field. Symbolically, they remained amongst the walls of the barracks even after the end of the war and, thus, they remained unknown and marked by the symbols of forgetfulness.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los efectos simbólicos de la vestimenta militar oficial de las enfermeras del Ejército Brasileño en la II Guerra Mundial. Método: La investigación fue desarrollada usando el método histórico con fuentes de imágenes. Los datos fueron discutidos a la luz de conceptos de la teoría del mundo social, de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: Las imágenes seleccionadas demuestran el significado propio de los uniformes, explicitando las funciones y la posición social de quien los porta, siendo de uso privativo y obligatorio en el campo militar. Consideraciones finales: En el caso de las enfermeras de la Fuerza Expedicionaria Brasileña, la apropiación de uniformes promovió la comunicación visual de la figura-tipo de la enfermera militar en el contexto de la guerra, al tiempo que confería distinción en el ámbito del ejército, pero no necesariamente en el campo de la enfermería. Simbólicamente, permanecieron entre los muros de los cuarteles incluso después del término de la guerra, y, por consiguiente, se mantuvieron desconocidas y marcadas por los signos del olvido.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos simbólicos do vestuário militar oficial das enfermeiras do Exército Brasileiro na II Guerra Mundial. Método: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida usando o método histórico, com fontes imagéticas. Os dados foram discutidos à luz de conceitos da teoria do mundo social, de Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: As imagens selecionadas demonstram o significado próprio dos uniformes, explicitando as funções e a posição social de quem os porta, sendo de uso privativo e obrigatório no campo militar. Considerações finais: No caso das enfermeiras da Força Expedicionária Brasileira, a apropriação de uniformes promoveu a comunicação visual da figura-tipo da enfermeira militar no contexto da guerra, ao mesmo tempo que conferiu distinção no âmbito do exército, mas não necessariamente no campo da enfermagem. Simbolicamente, elas permaneceram entre os muros dos quartéis mesmo após o término da guerra e, por conseguinte, mantiveram-se desconhecidas e marcadas pelos signos do esquecimento.

Fatores associados ao uso de medicamentos ansiolíticos entre bombeiros militares / Factors associated with the use of anxiolytic drugs among military firefighters

RESUMO: Introdução: O uso de ansiolíticos é uma opção no tratamento de sintomas psíquicos. Contudo, ainda que o uso seja controlado há riscos de dependência, intoxicação e alterações cognitivas. O uso não controlado entre trabalhadores agrava tais problemas. Objetivos: Identificar a prevalência do uso de ansiolíticos e conhecer os fatores associados ao consumo em bombeiros militares. Método: Pesquisa transversal de base censitária investigou 711 bombeiros de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, por meio de autorrelato. Regressão logística multinomial foi utilizada para verificar associação entre características sociodemográficas, condições de vida, trabalho e saúde e consumo de ansiolíticos de modo controlado ou não. Resultados: A prevalência do uso de ansiolíticos foi 9,9%. Para 7,5% dos bombeiros o consumo ocorreu sem indicação e/ou controle terapêutico especializado. O uso controlado foi associado ao relato compatível com Transtorno Mental Comum (OR = 23,6; IC95% 6,54 - 85,11). O uso não controlado foi associado ao tempo de serviço (OR = 2,57; IC95% 1,03 - 6,40), ao tabagismo (OR = 3,22; IC95% 1,50 - 6,91) e ao Transtorno Mental Comum (OR = 4,02; IC95% 2,17 - 7,45). Conclusão: A alta prevalência de consumo indica alerta para as ações dos programas de saúde ocupacional.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Use of anxiolytic drugs is an option for treating psychological symptoms. However, even if their use is controlled, there are risks of dependence, intoxication and cognitive alterations. Uncontrolled use among workers worsens these problems. Objectives: Identify the prevalence of anxiolytic use and to know the factors associated with consumption in military firefighters. Method: Cross-sectional survey of 711 firefighters from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was conducted through self-reporting. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate associations between sociodemographic characteristics, living, working and health conditions and anxiolytic consumption in a controlled or uncontrolled manner. Results: Prevalence of anxiolytic use was 9.9%. For 7.5% of firefighters the consumption occurred without indication and/or specialized therapeutic control. Controlled use was only associated with symptoms compatible with Common Mental Disorder (OR = 23.6; 95%CI 6.54 - 85.11). Uncontrolled use was associated with length of service (OR = 2.57; 95%CI 1.03 - 6.40), smoking (OR = 3.22; 95%CI 1.50 - 6.91) and symptomatology compatible with Common Mental Disorder (OR = 4.02; 95%CI 2.17 - 7.45). Conclusion: The high prevalence of consumption indicates alert to occupational health programs.

Violência policial: sentidos e significados atribuídos por jovens da cidade de Goiânia / Police violence: senses and meanings attributed by young people in the municipality of Goiânia, Brazil / Violencia policial: sentidos y significados atribuidos por jóvenes de la ciudad de Goiânia

Este trabalho investigou os sentidos e significados atribuídos por jovens que foram vítimas da violência policial na cidade de Goiânia-Goiás, no período de 2011 a 2013. A pesquisa foi fundamentada nos pressupostos teóricos da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica de Vigotski e no método do materialismo histórico dialético. A coleta de informações se deu por meio da entrevista não estruturada, que foram sistematizadas e analisadas por meio dos núcleos de significação. A análise dos relatos sobre os sentidos e significados desta violência para os jovens constituiu-se em um campo fecundo de produção do conhecimento e possibilitou apreender os elementos constitutivos da violência policial na significação dos jovens que foram suas vítimas. Os resultados revelam que o uso arbitrário da força coercitiva da polícia militar tornaram os jovens inseguros, reféns do medo. Revelaram, também, que a violência policial é uma realidade na sociedade goiana e brasileira, que ocorre arbitrariamente sob a proteção e tutela do Estado.

This work investigated the senses and meanings of young victims of police violence in the Brazilian municipality of Goiânia, Goiás State, from 2011 to 2013. The survey was based upon Vigotski ́s Social Development theory and on dialectical and historical materialism. Data was collected by means of non-structured interviews, systematized and analyzed through meaning nuclei. The reports analysis concerned the young people's senses and meanings of such violence, and has shown to be a fertile field for knowledge production, enabling the search for the constituent elements of police violence, according to the young victims' perceptions. The results show that the arbitrary use of police's coercive force made the young victims insecure, hostages of fear. It has also revealed that police violence is a reality within the State and Brazilian society, occurring arbitrarily under the State protection.

En este estudio se ha investigado los sentidos y significados atribuidos por jóvenes que han sido víctimas de la violencia policial en la ciudad de Goiânia-Goiás, del año 2011 al año de 2013. Se fundamentó la investigación en los presupuestos teóricos de la Psicología Socio-Histórica de Vygotsky y en el método del materialismo histórico dialéctico. La recolecta de informaciones se dio por intermedio de la entrevista no estructurada, que se sistematizaron y se analizaron por intermedio de los núcleos de significación. El análisis de los relatos sobre los sentidos y significados de esta violencia se constituyó para los jóvenes, en un campo fecundo de producción del conocimiento y permitió aprehender los elementos constitutivos de la violencia policial en la significación de los jóvenes que han sido sus víctimas. Los resultados revelan que el uso arbitrario de la fuerza coercitiva de la Policía Militar deja los jóvenes inseguros, rehenes del miedo. Han revelado, también, que la violencia policial es una realidaden la sociedad goiana y brasileña, que ocurre arbitrariamente bajo la protección y tutela del Estado.

Coeficiente de Adversidad en aspirantes a soldados del Ejército Ecuatoriano / Adversity quotient in training soldier staff of the Ecuadorian Army

Introducción: Coeficiente de Adversidad (Adversidad Quotient ® - AQ, en su versión original en inglés), es el producto más robusto y método ampliamente utilizado en el mundo para medir la resiliencia humana. Objetivo: determinar el Coeficiente de Adversidad en aspirantes a soldados del ejército. Método: se ejecutó una revisión del estado de la cuestión lo que llevó a adoptar las bases teóricas que sustentan el estudio. Metodológicamente fue de tipo transeccional, descriptivo de campo, teniendo como población 1 227 aspirantes a soldados y una muestra total de 332 unidades de información correspondientes a 10 pelotones seleccionados al azar, de los dos cursos académicos. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de información fue el Coeficiente de Adversidad, compuesto por 75 ítems, los cuales evaluaron los factores control, propiedad, alcance y duración, así como determinaron el Coeficiente de Adversidad terreno de la muestra estudiada. Resultados: los más importantes permiten reportar, que el personal posee altos niveles de control, Propiedad y Duración, en referencia al Alcance, el nivel también es alto pero en menor medida que los anteriores. Conclusiones: en términos generales la muestra posee un alto nivel de coeficiente de adversidad(AU)

Introduction: Adversity Quotient®, is the most robust product and method widely used in the world to measure human resilience. Objective: To set the Adversity Quotient, in the Army future soldiers. Method: A review of the state of the issue was carried out, which led to the adoption of the theoretical bases that support the study. The methodology was of the field trans-sectional type, having 1227 candidates for future soldiers and a total sample of 332 units of information corresponding to 10 platoons selected at random, from two academic courses. The instrument used for data collection was the Adversity Quotient, composed of 75 items, which evaluated the factors Control, Property, Scope and Duration, as well as determined the field Adversity Quotient of the sample studied. Results: The most important results allows to report that the personnel has high levels of Control, Property and Duration, in reference to the Scope the level is also high but in a lower average to the previous ones. Conclusion: In general terms the sample has a high level of adversity coefficient(AU)

Estrés laboral y su correlación con la prevalencia de dispepsia funcional en militares en actividad que acudieron al hospital geriátrico del ejército / Relationship between the frequency of work-related stress and prevalence of functional dyspepsia in Lima Geriatric Army Hospital

Objetivo: Determinar la relación existente entre la frecuencia de estrés laboral y la prevalencia de dispepsia funcional en una muestra de 218 militares mayores de 50 años durante el año 2010 en el Hospital Militar Geriátrico de Lima. Materiales y métodos: Investigación descriptiva- explicativa; para la obtención de datos acerca del estrés se empleó la Escala de Sucesos Vitales de Holmes-Rahe y fichas clínicas para el registro clínico y de endoscopia alta que cumplan criterios de Roma III para dispepsia funcional. Para el procesamiento y análisis de datos se empleó el paquete de programas estadísticos SPSS (Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences). Resultados: el 100% de militares presentaron algún nivel de estrés laboral durante el año de estudio; así, el 36,7% presentó un alto nivel, el 31,2% nivel medio o moderado, y el 32,1% presentó nivel bajo de estrés; de estos porcentajes los niveles medio y alto de estrés representaron el 67,9%. Estos resultados permiten establecer que el estrés laboral es un malestar frecuente en la población estudiada (Chi2 tabular = 3,841, chi2 observado = 27,908). Con relación a la dispepsia funcional se determinó una prevalencia de 37,2%, porcentaje que indica que es una patología frecuente en dichos militares (Z tabular = 1,96, Zc = 9,163). Conclusiones: Existe una relación significativa entre la frecuencia de estrés laboral y la prevalencia de dispepsia funcional en militares en actividad mayores de 50 años (Chi2 tabular= 5,991, chi2 observado =28,878, coeficiente de contingencia=0,342).

Objective: To determine the relationship between the frequency of work-related stress and prevalence of functional dyspepsia in a sample of 218 military older 50 years in 2010 in Lima Military Hospital Geriatric. Materials and methods: Descriptive and explanatory study and for the data collection on stress, were used the Vital Events Scale Holmes-Rahe and clinical records for clinical and upper endoscopy registration that comply the criteria of Rome III for functional dyspepsia. For processing and data analysis the statistical software package SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used. Results: 100% of military showed some level of work stress during the study year; thus, 36.7% had a high level, 31.2% medium or moderate level, and 32.1% had low stress level; these percentages medium and high stress levels accounted for 67.9%. These results establish that job stress is a common discomfort in the study population (tabulated Chi2 = 3.841, chi2 observed = 27,908). Regarding functional dyspepsia prevalence of 37.2%, which indicates that it is a common condition in those military (tabular Z = 1.96, Z c = 9.163) it was determined. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between the frequency of work-related stress and prevalence of functional dyspepsia in military activity in older than 50 years (tabulated Chi2 = 5.991, chi2 observed = 28,878, contingency coefficient = 0.342).

Catástrofes e atuação militar: a subjetividade e a realidade traumática / Catastrophes and military action: the subjectivity and traumatic reality / Catástrofes y actuación militar: la subjetividad y la realidad traumática

A temática das catástrofes tem gerado preocupação em nível governamental e acadêmico. Diretrizes atuais ampliaram o papel das Forças Armadas Brasileiras na assistência às populações atingidas. Tal fato demonstra a importância de uma atitude reflexiva a respeito das complexidades envolvidas no trabalho das equipes militares de saúde no socorro disponibilizado às pessoas nestas situações críticas. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo teórico tem o objetivo de abordar a temática da atuação militar em seu exercício laboral, o qual tem no cuidado importante eixo de atuação. Assim, desde os aportes epistemológicos da Psicanálise, o conceito psicanalítico de trauma é utilizado para evocar os possíveis desdobramentos intrapsíquicos frente a vivências impactantes do sujeito na realidade material de uma tragédia. Estudos e reflexões a respeito desses efeitos psíquicos são pertinentes, especialmente em relação aos militares que exercem o cuidado como atividade princeps. Constatou-se que a ausência de espaço para a expressão de sofrimentos, decorrentes da imposição de uma performance profissional própria ao ambiente militarizado, pode se caracterizar como relevante causa de padecimentos psíquicos. Logo, a oferta de escuta ao sujeito trabalhador é um importante fator de promoção de cuidado direcionado, também, à saúde psíquica destes profissionais. (AU)

The topic of catastrophes has caused governmental and academic concern. Current guidelines expand the role of the Brazilian Armed Forces in assisting groups that are affected by such events. This fact validates the importance of reflecting on the complexities involved in the labour of health military teams who assist people in these critical situations. From this perspective, this theoretical article aims to address the topic of military operations being performed with a focus on an important line of action. Thus, based on the epistemological contributions of psychoanalysis, the psychoanalytical concept of trauma is used to elicit possible intrapsychic developments in subjects as they face distressing experiences in a tragedy. Studies and reflections on these psychological effects are pertinent, especially in regards to military personnel who perform care as their principal activity. It has been established that the lack of space to express suffering, due to an imposition of a professional performance suitable of the military context, can be characterized as a relevant cause of psychic suffering. Therefore, the listening to the worker is an important factor of promoting care and also directed to the psychological health of these professionals. (AU)

La temática de las catástrofes viene generando preocupación para el gobierno y también en los estudios académicos. Directrices actuales ampliaron el rol de las Fuerzas Armadas Brasileñas en la asistencia a las poblaciones afectadas. Tal hecho demuestra la importancia de una actitud reflexiva sobre las complejidades involucradas en el trabajo de los equipos militares de salud en el socorro colocado a disposición a las personas en estas situaciones críticas. En esta perspectiva, este artículo teórico tiene el objetivo de abordar la temática de la actuación militar en su ejercicio laboral, el cual tiene en el cuidado un importante eje de actuación. Así, desde los aportes epistemológicos del Psicoanálisis, el concepto psicoanalítico de trauma se utiliza para evocar los posibles desdoblamientos intrapsíquicos frente a vivencias impactantes del sujeto en la realidad material de una tragedia. Estudios y reflexiones sobre esos efectos psíquicos son pertinentes, especialmente con relación a los militares que ejercen el cuidado como actividad princeps. Se encontró que la falta de espacio para la expresión de sufrimiento resultante de la imposición de un alto rendimiento profesional en el ambiente militarizado puede ser caracterizada como una causa importante de enfermedades psíquicas. Por lo tanto, escuchar al sujeto es un importante factor de promoción de cuidado dirigido a la salud mental de estos profesionales. (AU)

Efecto agudo de Complex Training en press banca sobre la distancia del lanzamiento de la granada / Acute effect of a Complex Training over grenade throwing distance

Objetivo: determinar el efecto agudo de un Complex Training en press banca sobre el lanzamiento de la granada en pentatletas militares profesionales y aficionados. Métodos: diecinueve pentatletas militares divididos en dos grupos fueron parte del estudio. Las variables medidas fueron: distancia máxima del lanzamiento de la granada y potencias máximas en press banca. El protocolo consistió en: 4 series de 5 repeticiones al 30 por ciento de una repetición máxima, más 4 repeticiones al 60 por ciento de una repetición máxima, más 3 lanzamientos de granada con pausa de 15 segundos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó ANOVA de medias. Resultados: la distancia máxima del lanzamiento de la granada presentó un aumento significativo entre la Serie Control y las cuatro series experimentales para el Grupo Profesional (p= 0,0019, tamaño del efecto= 0,370) y un descenso significativo en el Grupo Aficionado (p= 0,0128, tamaño del efecto = 0,305); las potencias máximas en press banca no sufrieron modificaciones significativas en ambos grupo (Grupo Profesional p= 0,15, tamaño del efecto= 0,166; Grupo Aficionado p= 0,17, tamaño del efecto= 0,199). Conclusión: el efecto agudo positivo del Complex Training fue atribuido a la Potenciación Posactivación de la musculatura involucrada en el lanzamiento. El descenso significativo en el lanzamiento de la granada observado en el Grupo Aficionado fue atribuido a la imposibilidad de sintetizar ATP posesfuerzo, lo que indujo una fatiga muscular(AU)

Purpose: Determining the acute effect of a Complex Training in bench press over grenade throwing in professional and amateur military pentathletes. Methods: Nineteen military pentathletes divided into two groups were part of the study (Professional Group = 10 and Amateur Group = 9). Variables measured were: Distance maximum in grenade throwing and peak power in bench press. Complex Training protocol consisted of: 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 30 percent of one repetition maximum + 4 repetitions at 60 percent of one repetition maximum + 3 grenade throws with a 15-second rest. For the statistical analysis, repeated measures ANOVA was used, the effect size was estimated with Eta Partial Squared. Results: Distance maximum of grenade throwing showed a significant increase between the Control Set and the four experimental sets for the Professional Group (p = 0.0019, effect size = 0.370) and a significant decrease in the Amateur Group (p = 0.0128, effect size = 0.305); peak power in bench press did not suffer significant modifications in both groups (Professional Groupp = 0.15, effect size = 0.166; Amateur Group p = 0.17, effect size = 0.199). Conclusions: The results of the study showed a positive acute effect from Complex Training on the distance of grenade throwing only for professional military pentathletes, such effect was attributed to a Post-Activation Potentiation of the muscles involved in throwing. The significant decline in grenade throwing observed in the amateur military pentathletes was attributed to the impossibility of synthetizing ATP post-workout(AU)

Nível de atividade física e fatores associados em policiais civis e militares / Level of Physical Activity and Associated Factors in Civil and Military Police

INTRODUÇÃO: a polícia constitui importante instrumento do Estado na preservação da Ordem Pública. Dentre as instituições da polícia civil e militar existem fatores de risco constantes relacionados ao trabalho, os quais demandam dos policiais capacidades físicas e psicológicas para a realização da sua profissão Objetivo: verificar o nível de atividade física e os fatores associados em policiais civis e militares. Métodos: participaram 120 policiais, sendo 98 militares e 22 policiais civis do Estado de Santa Catarina, com idades entre 21 e 58 anos (x 35,4; ±8,2). Os policiais foram diferenciados quanto às características sociodemográficas (idade, estado civil e classe socioeconómica) e particularidades da profissão (instituição em que trabalha e área de atuação). O nível de atividade física foi investigado por meio do Questionário de Avaliação da Atividade Física. Os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: foi verificado que a maioria dos policiais são suficientemente ativos (63,3 porcento). O estado civil (p=0,02) e a área de atuação (p=0,04) estiveram associados ao nível de atividade física. Foi maior a proporção de policiais insuficientemente ativos que vivem com uma parceira e que atuam na área operacional. Houve diferença significativa no tempo semanal de atividade física em policiais com diferente estado civil (p<0,05), sendo que aqueles que não vivem com uma parceira apresentaram maior tempo semanal de atividade física. Conclusões: os policiais do Estado de Santa Catarina, investigados no presente estudo são, em sua maioria, são suficientemente ativos. Interessa a implantação de ações de incentivo para à prática de atividade física nos batalhões visando melhorias na saúde e qualidade de vida dos policiais(AU)

Introduccción: la policía es un instrumento importante del Estado en la preservación del orden público. Entre las instituciones de la policía civil y militar son los factores de riesgo relacionados con el trabajo constante, que requieren de la policía capacidades físicas y psicológicas para la realización de su profesión. Objetivo: verificar el nivel de actividad física y los factores asociados en policías civiles y militares. Método: participaron 120 policías, 98 militares y 22 civiles, del Estado de Santa Catarina, con edades entre 21 y 58 años (x 35,4; ±8,2). Los policías fueron caracterizados de acuerdo a variables sociodemográficas (edad, estado civil y clase socioeconómica) y características de la profesión (institución en que trabajan y área de actuación). El nivel de actividad física fue investigado por medio del Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Actividad Física. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: se verificó que la mayoría de los policías son suficientemente activos (63,3 por ciento). El estado civil (p=0,02) y el área de actuación (p=0,04) estuvieron asociados al nivel de actividad física. Fue mayor la proporción de policías insuficientemente activos que vivían con una pareja y actuaban en el área operativa. Hubo diferencias significativas en el tiempo semanal de actividad física en policías con diferente estado civil (p<0,05). Los que no vivían con una pareja presentaron mayor tiempo semanal de actividad física. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los policías sujetos a esta investigación fue suficientemente activa, si bien es conveniente la implantación de acciones que incentiven la práctica de actividad física en los batallones buscando mejorías en la salud y calidad de vida general(AU)

Introduction: the police constitute an important instrument of the State in the preservation of the Public Order. Among the civil and military police institutions there are constant risk factors related to work, which require the police physical and psychological skills to carry out their profession. Objective: Verify the level of physical activity and associated factors in civilian and military police. Method: 120 police officers, 98 military personnel and 22 civilians, from the State of Santa Catarina, participated they aged between 21 and 58 (x 35.4, ± 8.2). Policemen were characterized according to socio-demographic variables (age, marital status, and sócio-economic class) and characteristics of the profession (institution in which they serve and area of action). The level of physical activity was studied through the Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The majority of police officers was verified to be sufficiently active (63.3 percent). Marital status (p = 0.02) and area of performance (p = 0.04) were associated with the level of physical activity. The proportion of under-active police officers increased in those who lived with a partner and acted in the operational area. There were significant differences in the weekly time of physical activity in police officers with different marital status (p <0.05). Those who did not live with a partner had greater weekly time of physical activity. Conclusions: Most of the policemen subject to this research were sufficiently active, although it is advisable to implement actions that encourage the practice of physical activity in battalions seeking improvements in health and overall quality of life(AU)

Interacción social conflictiva y problemas de salud mental en redes personales de ex combatientes ilegales en Colombia / Conflictive social interactions and mental health issues in personal networks of Colombian unlawful ex-combatants

Interacción conflictiva implica relaciones interpersonales en las que existen molestias o enojo. Este estudio abordó la existencia de diferencias significativas en la estructura de redes personales y problemas de salud mental de ex combatientes ilegales colombianos con y sin conflictos relacionales. Se evaluó a 106 individuos de tres ciudades mediante un estudio comparativo, analizando las propiedades estructurales de sus redes y el registro de problemas de sintomatología somática, ansiedad-insomnio, disfunción social y depresión grave. Las redes obtuvieron rendimiento moderado de sus indicadores, con mayor reporte de conflictos en aquellas con más cercanía y menor densidad relacional. Los problemas de ansiedad-insomnio y depresión fueron más comunes en redes con conflictos interpersonales. Las interacciones sociales mediadas por el conflicto parecen tener participación en los problemas de salud mental, por lo cual se sugiere incluir estrategias que fomenten interacciones cordiales dentro de las acciones tendientes a la adecuada reintegración de esta población.

A conflictive interaction implies interpersonal relationships where discomfort or anger feelings exist; this study addresses the existence of significant differences in the structure of personal nets and mental health problems in Colombian unlawful ex-combatants with and without relationships conflicts. 106 individuals were evaluated in three cities throughout a comparative study, analyzing the structural properties of their personal networks and the registration of problems as somatic symptomatology, anxiety-insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression. The networks shown moderate performance of their indicators, reporting higher number of conflicts in those where the closeness is higher and the relational density is lower. Anxiety-Insomnia and depression problems were more common in networks with interpersonal conflicts. Findings suggest that social interactions mediated by the conflict seem to have participation in mental health problems, reason why it is suggested to include strategies that encourage positive interactions related to the proper reintegration of this population.

Tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behavior and common mental disorders among military students at the Police Academy, São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study / Tabagismo e consumo de álcool, comportamento sexual e transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes militares da Academia de Polícia, São Paulo, Brasil. Um estudo transversal

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The lifestyle of military personnel has been little studied in Brazil. This study evaluated the frequencies of tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behavior and mental health among military students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Police Academy, in São Paulo. METHODS: Students answered a questionnaire about tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sexual behavior and common mental disorders (CMDs). To analyze associations among the frequencies of smoking and alcohol use, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and CMDs during the undergraduate years, we built a multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: All 473 students were invited to participate and 430 (90.9%) agreed (10.5% were women). Most were white (76.6%), aged < 30 years, from the upper middle class (78.1%). The frequency of smoking was 6.5%, alcohol consumption 69.3%, STDs 14% and CMDs 15.6%. The use of condoms was low. Fourth-year students presented a lower odds ratio (OR) for STDs than the first-year students: 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.90). Third-year students presented a lower OR for CMDs than the first-year students. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of smoking and CMDs were low, while the frequency of alcohol consumption was similar to that of the Brazilian population. The use of condoms was low, in comparison with previous studies with similar samples. The results suggest that there was a certain degree of protection against CMDs and STDs during the undergraduate years. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: O estilo de vida dos militares foi pouco estudado no Brasil. Este estudo avaliou frequência de tabagismo, consumo de álcool, comportamento sexual e saúde mental em estudantes militares. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal na Academia de Polícia, São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Alunos responderam questionário sobre tabagismo, uso de álcool, comportamento sexual e transtornos mentais comuns (TMC). Para analisar a associação das frequências de tabagismo, uso de álcool, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) e TMC durante a graduação, realizou-se regressão logística multinomial ajustada por idade e sexo. RESULTADOS: Todos os 473 estudantes foram convidados e 430 (90,9%) aceitaram participar (10,5% mulheres). A amostra foi composta majoritariamente de brancos (76,6%), com menos de 30 anos, de classe média alta (78,1%). A frequência de fumo foi de 6,5%, de consumo de álcool, 69,3, de DST, 14% e de TMC, 15,6%. O uso de preservativos foi baixo. Estudantes do quarto ano apresentaram uma menor razão de chances (RC) de DST comparados aos do primeiro ano: 0,44 (intervalo de confiança 95%, 0,22-0,90). Estudantes do terceiro ano apresentaram RC menores de ter um TMC comparados aos do primeiro ano. CONCLUSÃO: As frequências de tabagismo e de TMC foram baixas e a de álcool foi similar à da população brasileira. O uso de preservativos foi baixo comparado a estudos anteriores em amostras semelhantes. Os resultados sugerem uma certa proteção para TMC e DST ao longo da graduação. .

Trabalho e aposentadoria militar: singularidades de uma travessia psíquica / Labour and military retirement: singularities of a psychic journey / Trabajo y jubilación militar: singularidades de una travesía psíquica

O caráter central do trabalho remete à lógica capitalista, na qual a atividade profissional é um requisito para a participação nos processos sociais e produtivos. Um rompimento com a profissão decorrente da aposentadoria configura-se como uma vivência de grande impacto psíquico. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar, a partir de uma metodologia qualitativa, as especificidades do trabalho e da aposentadoria militar. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 13 militares aposentados. A categorização dos dados foi realizada por meio da análise de conteúdo, e a interpretação dos dados teve o embasamento na Psicanálise. Constatou-se que a vida militar e seu exercício de trabalho configuram um processo identificatório com peculiaridades. Percebeu-se a necessidade de trabalho psíquico diante da aposentadoria, seja para atribuir sentido ao vivido ou para compensar frustrações advindas dessa situação. A escuta, na pesquisa, revelou-se um recurso de fomento à elaboração frente a intensidades despertadas na retirada do sujeito da vida laborativa...

The main aspect of the work refers to the capitalist logics in which the professional activity is required in social and productive processes. When someone retires, there is a rupture with a professional activity that generates in this person a great psychic impact. This study aimed to investigate, from a qualitative methodology, the specificities of work and retirement in the military context. Thirteen retired militaries were interviewed. The categorization of data was done through Analysis of Content and interpretation of data was the basement of Psychoanalysis. As a result, military life and work are related to subjects' identification process. The necessity of a psychicological effort was observed through retirement experiences whether it is used to give meaning or to compensate frustrations from these situations. The listening in research was demonstrated as a resource to psychicological work over the intensities revealed upon the retirement...

El rol central del trabajo remite a la lógica capitalista, en la cual la actividad profesional es un requisito para la participación en los procesos sociales y productivos. La ruptura con la profesión, cuando los individuos se jubilan, aparece como una experiencia de gran impacto psicológico. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar a través de un método cualitativo, las especificaciones del trabajo y de la jubilación militar. Se realizaron entrevistas con 13 militares jubilados. La categorización de los datos se realizó mediante el Análisis de Contenido y su interpretación tuvo como base el Psicoanálisis. Se constató que la vida militar y su ejercicio de trabajo configuran un proceso de identificación con particularidades. Se observó la necesidad de trabajo psíquico frente a la etapa de jubilación, ya sea para darle significado a la experiencia vivida o para compensar frustraciones derivadas de la misma. El resultado de esta investigación resultó ser un recurso de elaboración frente a la intensidad emocional que despierta la salida de la vida laboral...

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Young Military Men

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To estimate the prevalence and evaluate the associated psychological factors of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in males in their twenties who are currently enrolled in military service. METHODS: A total of 1,073 men in the Korean army were asked to complete questionnaires based on the Rome III criteria and Symptom Checklist-90-revised (SCL-90R). The prevalence of FGIDs was estimated, and the associated psychological factors were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 967 men participated. The total prevalence of FGIDs was 18.5% (age-adjusted prevalence, 18.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.3% to 20.8%). The total SCL-90R scores were higher in men with FGIDs than men without FGIDs (24 [interquartile range, 13 to 44] vs 13 [5 to 28], p<0.001) and higher in men with overlapping syndromes than in those with single FGIDs (31 [18 to 57] vs 14 [5.75 to 29], p<0.001). Somatization (odds ratio [OR], 1.141; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.20; p<0.001), obsessive-compulsive behaviors (OR, 1.084; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.14; p=0.002) and depression (OR, 0.943; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.99; p=0.020) were identified as independent predictive factors for FGIDs. CONCLUSIONS: FGIDs are common among men in their twenties who are fulfilling their military duty. Somatization and obsessive-compulsive features from the tense atmosphere are associated with the development or progression of FGIDs. Patients who exhibit overlapping syndromes require greater attention given their more severe psychopathology.

The Protective Role of Resilience in Attenuating Emotional Distress and Aggression Associated with Early-life Stress in Young Enlisted Military Service Candidates

Early life stress (ELS) may induce long-lasting psychological complications in adulthood. The protective role of resilience against the development of psychopathology is also important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among ELS, resilience, depression, anxiety, and aggression in young adults. Four hundred sixty-one army inductees gave written informed consent and participated in this study. We assessed psychopathology using the Korea Military Personality Test, ELS using the Childhood Abuse Experience Scale, and resilience with the resilience scale. Analyses of variance, correlation analyses, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for statistical analyses. The regression model explained 35.8%, 41.0%, and 23.3% of the total variance in the depression, anxiety, and aggression indices, respectively. We can find that even though ELS experience is positively associated with depression, anxiety, and aggression, resilience may have significant attenuating effect against the ELS effect on severity of these psychopathologies. Emotion regulation showed the most beneficial effect among resilience factors on reducing severity of psychopathologies. To improve mental health for young adults, ELS assessment and resilience enhancement program should be considered.

Return to Work Experience among Military Officers with Cancer

PURPOSE: This study was done to describe the return to work experience of military officers with cancer. METHODS: Individual in-depth interviews with 15 participants were conducted between September 2013 and April 2014. Participants were interviewed 1~4 times; interviews continued until the data became saturated. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory. RESULTS: The core category emerged as "living a new life after enduring difficulties". The return to work process consisted of four sequential phases: chaos, positive thought formation, behavior practices, and reformation. Action/interaction strategies used by military officers with cancer to resolve enduring difficulties were controlling emotions, accepting reality, prioritizing health, making efforts to improve relationships, and looking for future jobs. CONCLUSION: These results will promote understanding of military officers' return to work experience following cancer survival, and will be helpful in developing more effective nursing interventions through enhanced perspectives and insights of practitioners.

Effectiveness of the Military Mental Health Promotion Program

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the Military Mental Health Promotion Program. The program was an email based cognitive behavioral intervention. METHODS: The research design was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were 32 soldiers who agreed to participate in the program. Data were collected at three different times from January 2012 to March 2012; pre-test, post-test, and a one-month follow-up test. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The effectiveness of the program was tested by repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The first hypothesis that the level of depression in the experimental group who participated in the program would decrease compared to the control group was not supported in that the difference in group-time interaction was not statistically significant (F=2.19, p=.121). The second and third hypothesis related to anxiety and self-esteem were supported in group-time interaction, respectively (F=7.41, p=.001, F=11.67, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the program is effective in improving soldiers' mental health status in areas of anxiety and self-esteem.

Versão coletiva do teste de Zulliger segundo o Sistema Compreensivo de Rorschach / Zulliger group test according to the Rorschach Comprehensive System / Versión colectiva del teste de Zulliger segundo el Sistema Comprehensivo de Rorschach

Este trabalho visa contribuir para a (re)estandardização do teste de Zulliger (teste Z) como uma metodologia projetiva passível de ser aplicável coletivamente e com objetividade na avaliação da personalidade. Nesse sentido, tomámos como referência os princípios metodológicos propostos por Exner para o Sistema Compreensivo (SC) do Rorschach e procurámos transpô-los para o teste Z. Para o efeito, analisámos as propostas referenciadas na literatura para a versão individual, adaptámos e testámos materiais, instruções e demais procedimentos de aplicação do teste. Posteriormente, o teste foi aplicado coletivamente, em contexto de seleção, a uma amostra de 156 militares do Exército Português. Após a análise de resultados, centrada na estatística descritiva das variáveis incorporadas no Sumário Estrutural do teste Z, discute-se a relevância de alguns procedimentos para diferentes contextos de aplicação da prova e a necessidade de prosseguir com estudos de índole normativa e de validação das medidas do teste.

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to (re)standardizing Zulliger (Z test) as a group administered projective method, capable of being used with objectivity in personality assessment. For that purpose, we took as main reference the set of methodological principles established by Exner in Rorschach Comprehensive System, in order to transpose it to Z test. After analyzing the referenced proposals available in literature, considering the individually administered Z test, materials, instructions and other procedures were adapted and tested. The test was group administered afterwards in a personnel selection context, to a sample of 156 Portuguese Army military. Considering mainly the descriptive statistics of the incorporated variables in Z test’s Structural Summary, one discusses the relevance of some procedures to the different Z test versions, as well as the need of further normative and validation studies.

El propósito de este trabajo es contribuir para la (re)estandarización del test de Zulliger como metodología proyectiva administrable colectivamente con exactitud y objetividad en la evaluación de la personalidad. Se tomaron como referencia los principios metodológicos propuestos por Exner para el Rorschach – Sistema Comprehensivo, buscando incorporarlos en el test de Zulliger. Después de analizadas las propuestas de la literatura para la administración individual, se han adaptado y testado materiales, instrucciones y otros procedimientos para la administración de la prueba. Después, el test fue administrado colectivamente en contexto de evaluación laboral, a una muestra de 156 militares del Ejército Portugués. Después del análisis de los resultados, centrada en la estadística descriptiva de las variables incorporadas en el Sumario Estructural del test de Zulliger, se discute la relevancia de algunos procedimientos para diferentes contextos de aplicación de la prueba y la necesidad de estudios de validación de las medidas del test.

A Pilot Project on Health Assessment of PAC Jawans.

Objective: To determine if changes in the life style bring any positive changes in various physical and psychological parameters. Material & Methods : An arbitrarily selected group of Jawans (32 in number and ranging in age from 35 to 58 years) were assessed in the Department of Psychiatry and other departments like Medicine, Ophthalmology, ENT and Physiology for various baseline investigations. Following this, they were subjected to one month of life style changes including regular exercises, Yoga and dietary modifications. After seventy one days a follow through check-up was done in post- intervention period for the same parameters. Results: The reductions in number of subjects having abnormal BMI(Body Mass Index)71.87% to 46.87%, abnormal GHQ-12 (12 items General Health Questionnaire) score- 37.5% to 21.87%, VC(Vital Capacity)- 15.62% to 6.25%, ECG(Electro Cardio-Gram)- 28.12% to3.12%, S. Total Cholesterol- 50% to 18.7%, and S. Triglycerides- 81.25% to 50% were statistically significant on a repeat check post-intervention. Subjectively 25% Jawans reported a feeling of wellbeing at the base investigations whereas 87.5% reported a reduction in mental tensions and enhancement of positive thinking during the feed back. They also reported benefits in various existing health problems and an increase in the self confidence. With special dietary regimes most of the jawans reported reduction in their obesity and various Gastro-intestinal disturbances. With regular Yoga and Pranayam, most of the jawans reported a benefit in their working capacity and occupation as a whole. All in all it can be inferred that such an intervention brings a positive change in the health status of PAC Jawans and no further deterioration has been observed.